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docs/sphinx: Introduction
Put together an introduction page for the Sphinx/RST docs, along with a glossary which will accumulate over time. Signed-off-by: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com> Reviewed-by: Lars Kurth <lars.kurth@citrix.com> Release-acked-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
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@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ Admin Guide
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===========
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.. toctree::
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introduction
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microcode-loading
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
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Introduction
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============
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Xen is an open source, bare metal hypervisor. It runs as the most privileged
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piece of software, and shares the resources of the hardware between virtual
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machines.
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In Xen terminology, there are :term:`domains<domain>`, commonly abbreviated to
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dom, which are identified by their numeric :term:`domid`.
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When Xen boots, dom0 is automatically started as well. Dom0 is a virtual
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machine which, by default, is granted full permissions [1]_. A typical setup
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might be:
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.. image:: xen-overview.drawio.svg
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Dom0 takes the role of :term:`control domain`, responsible for creating and
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managing other virtual machines, and the role of :term:`hardware domain`,
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responsible for hardware and marshalling guest I/O.
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Xen is deliberately minimal, and has no device drivers [2]_. Xen manages RAM,
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schedules virtual CPUs on the available physical CPUs, and marshals
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interrupts.
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Xen also provides a hypercall interface to guests, including event channels
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(virtual interrupts), grant tables (shared memory), on which a lot of higher
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level functionality is built.
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.. rubric:: Footnotes
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.. [1] A common misconception with Xen's architecture is that dom0 is somehow
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different to other guests. The choice of id 0 is not an accident, and
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follows in UNIX heritage.
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.. [2] This definition might be fuzzy. Xen can talk to common serial UARTs,
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and knows how to drive various CPU internal devices such as IOMMUs, but
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has no knowledge of network cards, disks, etc. All of that is the
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hardware domains responsibility.
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@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
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<text x="688.5" y="367.5">Xen</text>
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<text x="2.5" y="26.5">Dom0</text>
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<g fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" text-anchor="middle" font-size="20px">
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<text x="109.5" y="66.5">Systems Services</text>
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<text x="12.5" y="186.5">Kernel</text>
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<text x="252.5" y="186.5">Kernel</text>
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<text x="492.5" y="186.5">Kernel</text>
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<text x="299.5" y="245.5">Net</text>
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<text x="399.5" y="245.5">Block</text>
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<g fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" text-anchor="middle" font-size="16px">
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<text x="539.5" y="245.5">Net</text>
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</g>
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<g fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" text-anchor="middle" font-size="16px">
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 9.4 KiB |
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
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Glossary
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========
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.. Terms should appear in alphabetical order
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.. glossary::
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control domain
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A :term:`domain`, commonly dom0, with the permission and responsibility
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to create and manage other domains on the system.
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domain
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A domain is Xen's unit of resource ownership, and generally has at the
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minimum some RAM and virtual CPUs.
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The terms :term:`domain` and :term:`guest` are commonly used
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interchangeably, but they mean subtly different things.
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A guest is a single, end user, virtual machine.
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In some cases, e.g. during live migration, one guest will be comprised of
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two domains for a period of time, while it is in transit.
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domid
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The numeric identifier of a running :term:`domain`. It is unique to a
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single instance of Xen, used as the identifier in various APIs, and is
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typically allocated sequentially from 0.
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guest
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The term 'guest' has two different meanings, depending on context, and
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should not be confused with :term:`domain`.
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When discussing a Xen system as a whole, a 'guest' refer to a virtual
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machine which is the "useful output" of running the system in the first
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place (e.g. an end-user VM). Virtual machines providing system services,
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(e.g. the control and/or hardware domains), are not considered guests in
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this context.
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In the code, "guest context" and "guest state" is considered in terms of
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the CPU architecture, and contrasted against hypervisor context/state.
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In this case, it refers to all code running lower privilege privilege
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level the hypervisor. As such, it covers all domains, including ones
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providing system services.
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hardware domain
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A :term:`domain`, commonly dom0, which shares responsibility with Xen
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about the system as a whole.
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By default it gets all devices, including all disks and network cards, so
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is responsible for multiplexing guest I/O.
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@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ The Xen Hypervisor documentation
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Xen's Sphinx/RST documentation is a work in progress. The existing
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documentation can be found at https://xenbits.xen.org/docs/
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Xen is an open source, bare metal hypervisor. It runs as the most privileged
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piece of software on the system, and shares the resources of the hardware
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between virtual machines. See :doc:`admin-guide/introduction` for an
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introduction to a Xen system.
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User documentation
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------------------
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@@ -45,3 +49,11 @@ kind of development environment.
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:maxdepth: 2
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hypervisor-guide/index
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Miscellanea
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-----------
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||||
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.. toctree::
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||||
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glossary
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