xen/arm: Add Spectre BHB handling

This commit is adding Spectre BHB handling to Xen on Arm.
The commit is introducing new alternative code to be executed during
exception entry:
- SMCC workaround 3 call
- loop workaround (with 8, 24 or 32 iterations)
- use of new clearbhb instruction

Cpuerrata is modified by this patch to apply the required workaround for
CPU affected by Spectre BHB when CONFIG_ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR is
enabled.

To do this the system previously used to apply smcc workaround 1 is
reused and new alternative code to be copied in the exception handler is
introduced.

To define the type of workaround required by a processor, 4 new cpu
capabilities are introduced (for each number of loop and for smcc
workaround 3).

When a processor is affected, enable_spectre_bhb_workaround is called
and if the processor does not have CSV2 set to 3 or ECBHB feature (which
would mean that the processor is doing what is required in hardware),
the proper code is enabled at exception entry.

In the case where workaround 3 is not supported by the firmware, we
enable workaround 1 when possible as it will also mitigate Spectre BHB
on systems without CSV2.

This is part of XSA-398 / CVE-2022-23960.

Signed-off-by: Bertrand Marquis <bertrand.marquis@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rahul Singh <rahul.singh@arm.com>
Acked-by: Julien Grall <julien@xen.org>
(cherry picked from commit 62c91eb66a)

xen/arch/arm/arm64/bpi.S

@@ -58,16 +58,42 @@ ENTRY(__bp_harden_hyp_vecs_start)
     .endr
 ENTRY(__bp_harden_hyp_vecs_end)
 
-ENTRY(__smccc_workaround_1_smc_start)
+.macro mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop count
+ENTRY(__mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_\count)
+    stp     x0, x1, [sp, #-16]!
+    mov     x0, \count
+.Lspectre_bhb_loop\@:
+    b   . + 4
+    subs    x0, x0, #1
+    b.ne    .Lspectre_bhb_loop\@
+    sb
+    ldp     x0, x1, [sp], #16
+ENTRY(__mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_\count)
+.endm
+
+.macro smccc_workaround num smcc_id
+ENTRY(__smccc_workaround_smc_start_\num)
     sub     sp, sp, #(8 * 4)
     stp     x0, x1, [sp, #(8 * 2)]
     stp     x2, x3, [sp, #(8 * 0)]
-    mov     w0, #ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1_FID
+    mov     w0, \smcc_id
     smc     #0
     ldp     x2, x3, [sp, #(8 * 0)]
     ldp     x0, x1, [sp, #(8 * 2)]
     add     sp, sp, #(8 * 4)
-ENTRY(__smccc_workaround_1_smc_end)
+ENTRY(__smccc_workaround_smc_end_\num)
+.endm
+
+ENTRY(__mitigate_spectre_bhb_clear_insn_start)
+    clearbhb
+    isb
+ENTRY(__mitigate_spectre_bhb_clear_insn_end)
+
+mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop 8
+mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop 24
+mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop 32
+smccc_workaround 1, #ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1_FID
+smccc_workaround 3, #ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_3_FID
 
 /*
  * Local variables:

xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c

@@ -144,7 +144,16 @@ install_bp_hardening_vec(const struct arm_cpu_capabilities *entry,
     return ret;
 }
 
-extern char __smccc_workaround_1_smc_start[], __smccc_workaround_1_smc_end[];
+extern char __smccc_workaround_smc_start_1[], __smccc_workaround_smc_end_1[];
+extern char __smccc_workaround_smc_start_3[], __smccc_workaround_smc_end_3[];
+extern char __mitigate_spectre_bhb_clear_insn_start[],
+            __mitigate_spectre_bhb_clear_insn_end[];
+extern char __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_8[],
+            __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_8[];
+extern char __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_24[],
+            __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_24[];
+extern char __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_32[],
+            __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_32[];
 
 static int enable_smccc_arch_workaround_1(void *data)
 {
@@ -176,8 +185,8 @@ static int enable_smccc_arch_workaround_1(void *data)
     if ( (int)res.a0 < 0 )
         goto warn;
 
-    return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,__smccc_workaround_1_smc_start,
-                                     __smccc_workaround_1_smc_end,
+    return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,__smccc_workaround_smc_start_1,
+                                     __smccc_workaround_smc_end_1,
                                      "call ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1");
 
 warn:
@@ -192,6 +201,93 @@ warn:
     return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Spectre BHB Mitigation
+ *
+ * CPU is either:
+ * - Having CVS2.3 so it is not affected.
+ * - Having ECBHB and is clearing the branch history buffer when an exception
+ *   to a different exception level is happening so no mitigation is needed.
+ * - Mitigating using a loop on exception entry (number of loop depending on
+ *   the CPU).
+ * - Mitigating using the firmware.
+ */
+static int enable_spectre_bhb_workaround(void *data)
+{
+    const struct arm_cpu_capabilities *entry = data;
+
+    /*
+     * Enable callbacks are called on every CPU based on the capabilities, so
+     * double-check whether the CPU matches the entry.
+     */
+    if ( !entry->matches(entry) )
+        return 0;
+
+    if ( cpu_data[smp_processor_id()].pfr64.csv2 == 3 )
+        return 0;
+
+    if ( cpu_data[smp_processor_id()].mm64.ecbhb )
+        return 0;
+
+    if ( cpu_data[smp_processor_id()].isa64.clearbhb )
+        return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,
+                                    __mitigate_spectre_bhb_clear_insn_start,
+                                    __mitigate_spectre_bhb_clear_insn_end,
+                                     "use clearBHB instruction");
+
+    /* Apply solution depending on hwcaps set on arm_errata */
+    if ( cpus_have_cap(ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_8) )
+        return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,
+                                         __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_8,
+                                         __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_8,
+                                         "use 8 loops workaround");
+
+    if ( cpus_have_cap(ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_24) )
+        return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,
+                                         __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_24,
+                                         __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_24,
+                                         "use 24 loops workaround");
+
+    if ( cpus_have_cap(ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32) )
+        return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,
+                                         __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_start_32,
+                                         __mitigate_spectre_bhb_loop_end_32,
+                                         "use 32 loops workaround");
+
+    if ( cpus_have_cap(ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_SMCC_3) )
+    {
+        struct arm_smccc_res res;
+
+        if ( smccc_ver < SMCCC_VERSION(1, 1) )
+            goto warn;
+
+        arm_smccc_1_1_smc(ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_FEATURES_FID,
+                          ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_3_FID, &res);
+        /* The return value is in the lower 32-bits. */
+        if ( (int)res.a0 < 0 )
+        {
+            /*
+             * On processor affected with CSV2=0, workaround 1 will mitigate
+             * both Spectre v2 and BHB so use it when available
+             */
+            if ( enable_smccc_arch_workaround_1(data) )
+                return 1;
+
+            goto warn;
+        }
+
+        return !install_bp_hardening_vec(entry,__smccc_workaround_smc_start_3,
+                                         __smccc_workaround_smc_end_3,
+                                         "call ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_3");
+    }
+
+warn:
+    printk_once("**** No support for any spectre BHB workaround.  ****\n"
+                "**** Please update your firmware.                ****\n");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR */
 
 /* Hardening Branch predictor code for Arm32 */
@@ -437,19 +533,77 @@ static const struct arm_cpu_capabilities arm_errata[] = {
     },
     {
         .capability = ARM_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
-        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A72),
+        MIDR_RANGE(MIDR_CORTEX_A72, 0, 1 << MIDR_VARIANT_SHIFT),
         .enable = enable_smccc_arch_workaround_1,
     },
     {
-        .capability = ARM_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_SMCC_3,
         MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A73),
-        .enable = enable_smccc_arch_workaround_1,
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
     },
     {
-        .capability = ARM_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_SMCC_3,
         MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A75),
-        .enable = enable_smccc_arch_workaround_1,
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
     },
+    /* spectre BHB */
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_8,
+        MIDR_RANGE(MIDR_CORTEX_A72, 1 << MIDR_VARIANT_SHIFT,
+                   (MIDR_VARIANT_MASK | MIDR_REVISION_MASK)),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_24,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A76),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_24,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A77),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A78),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A78C),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_X1),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_X2),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A710),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_24,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_NEOVERSE_N1),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_NEOVERSE_N2),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+    {
+        .capability = ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32,
+        MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_NEOVERSE_V1),
+        .enable = enable_spectre_bhb_workaround,
+    },
+
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM32_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
     {

xen/include/asm-arm/arm64/macros.h

@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@
     ldr     \dst, [\dst, \tmp]
     .endm
 
+    /* clearbhb instruction clearing the branch history */
+    .macro clearbhb
+        hint    #22
+    .endm
+
 /*
  * Register aliases.
  */

xen/include/asm-arm/cpufeature.h

@@ -46,8 +46,12 @@
 #define ARM_SMCCC_1_1 8
 #define ARM64_WORKAROUND_AT_SPECULATE 9
 #define ARM_WORKAROUND_858921 10
+#define ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_8 11
+#define ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_24 12
+#define ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_LOOP_32 13
+#define ARM_WORKAROUND_BHB_SMCC_3 14
 
-#define ARM_NCAPS           11
+#define ARM_NCAPS           15
 
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 

xen/include/asm-arm/smccc.h

@@ -334,6 +334,12 @@ void __arm_smccc_1_0_smc(register_t a0, register_t a1, register_t a2,
                        ARM_SMCCC_OWNER_ARCH,        \
                        0x7FFF)
 
+#define ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_3_FID             \
+    ARM_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(ARM_SMCCC_FAST_CALL,         \
+                       ARM_SMCCC_CONV_32,           \
+                       ARM_SMCCC_OWNER_ARCH,        \
+                       0x3FFF)
+
 /* SMCCC error codes */
 #define ARM_SMCCC_NOT_REQUIRED          (-2)
 #define ARM_SMCCC_ERR_UNKNOWN_FUNCTION  (-1)